Numerical investigation of a double frequency approach for longitudinal HF welding of cladded pipes

This article contains findings of simulation research on longitudinal induction welding of cladded pipes with use of simultaneous double frequency. Solutions are proposed to reach the required temperature distribution at the welding edge for the cladding composite of S355 and Alloy 625 with single and simultaneous double frequency. An advanced consideration of magnetic and other material properties was performed to simulate the dominating physical effects of high frequency (HF) welding. The background of use and advantages of simultaneous double frequency are presented. In the context of the research, a correlation for welding speed, frequency and temperature distribution with industrial relevance was found for the cladded pipe welding

Sustained high-level expression of human factor IX (hFIX) after liver-targeted delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the hFIX gene in rhesus macaques

The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of liver-directed gene transfer was evaluated in 5 male macaques (aged 2.5 to 6.5 years) by using a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector (rAAV-2 CAGG-hFIX) that had previously mediated persistent therapeutic expression of human factor IX (hFIX; 6%-10% of physiologic levels) in murine models. A dose of 4 × 1012 vector genomes (vgs)/kg of body weight was administered through the hepatic artery or portal vein. Persistence of the rAAV vgs as circular monomers and dimers and high-molecular-weight concatamers was documented in liver tissue by Southern blot analysis for periods of up to 1 year. Vector particles were present in plasma, urine, or saliva for several days after infusion (as shown by polymerase chain reaction analysis), and the vgs were detected in spleen tissue at low copy numbers. An enzyme-linked immunosorption assay capable of detecting between 1% and 25% of normal levels of hFIX in rhesus plasma was developed by using hyperimmune serum from a rhesus monkey that had received an adenoviral vector encoding hFIX. Two macaques having 3 and 40 rAAV genome equivalents/cell, respectively, in liver tissue had 4% and 8% of normal physiologic plasma levels of hFIX, respectively. A level of hFIX that was 3% of normal levels was transiently detected in one other macaque, which had a genome copy number of 25 before abrogation by a neutralizing antibody (inhibitor) to hFIX. This nonhuman-primate model will be useful in further evaluation and development of rAAV vectors for gene therapy of hemophilia B. © 2002 by The American Society of Hematology

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Calcified plaque modification alters local drug delivery in the treatment of peripheral atherosclerosis

Background: Calcific atherosclerosis is a major challenge to intraluminal drug delivery in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Objectives: We evaluated the effects of orbital atherectomy on intraluminal paclitaxel delivery to human peripheral arteries with substantial calcified plaque. Methods: Diagnostic angiography and 3-D rotational imaging of five fresh human lower limbs revealed calcification in all main arteries. The proximal or distal segment of each artery was treated using an orbital atherectomy system (OAS) under simulated blood flow and fluoroscopy. Explanted arterial segments underwent either histomorphometric assessment of effect or tracking of [superscript 14]C-labeled or fluorescent–labeled paclitaxel. Radiolabeled drug quantified bulk delivery and fluorescent label established penetration of drug over finer spatial domain in serial microscopic sections. Results: were interpreted using a mathematical model of binding-diffusion mediated arterial drug distribution. Results Lesion composition affected paclitaxel absorption and distribution in cadaveric human peripheral arteries. Pretreatment imaging calcium scores in control femoropopliteal arterial segments correlated with a log-linear decline in the bulk absorption rate-constant of [superscript 14]C-labeled, declining 5.5-fold per calcified quadrant (p = 0.05, n = 7). Compared to controls, OAS-treated femoropopliteal segments exhibited 180 μm thinner intima (p < 0.001), 45% less plaque calcification, and 2 log orders higher paclitaxel bulk absorption rate-constants. Correspondingly, fluorescent paclitaxel penetrated deeper in OAS-treated femoropopliteal segments compared to controls, due to a 70% increase in diffusivity (p < 0.001). Conclusions These data illustrate that calcified plaque limited intravascular drug delivery, and controlled OAS treatment of calcific plaques resulted in greater drug permeability and improved adjunct drug delivery to diseased arteries.Peripheral artery disease Keywords: Drug coated balloons, Drug eluting stents, Atherectomy, Orbital atherectomy, calcified plaque, PaclitaxelNational Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 GM-49039

USE OF COMBINED-SOLAR-GAS INSTALLATIONS TO REDUCE THE POWER SUPPLY OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS

This paper discusses the use of combined solar-gas installations. Sharing two heat sources, one of which runs on natural gas and the other on unconventional fuel, significantly reduces the consumption of non-renewable natural resources.В данной работе рассмотрено применение совмещенных солнечно-газовых установок. Совместное использование двух источников тепла, один из которых работает на природном газе, а другой на нетрадиционном топливе значительно снижает расход невозобновляемого природного ресурса

Видеоэндоскопическая регистрация реакций структур гортаноглотки на ингаляции порошковых лекарственных средств

Video endoscopy technique is described for registration of the processes developing in a laryngopharynx when powder drugs are inhaled by various inhalers. The technique was tested for 47 patients with respiratory organ diseases. The efficacy of both the proposed inhalation technique with a resistive resistance to a breath and the inhaler, has been confirmed.Описывается способ видеоэндоскопической регистрации процессов, происходящих в гортаноглотке при ингаляции порошковых лекарственных средств через различные типы ингаляторов у 47 пациентов с заболеваниями органов дыхания. Подтверждена эффективность предложенного способа ингаляции с резистивным сопротивлением вдоху и устройства для его осуществления